• Heads Up Poker Dealer Small Blind Dog
• Heads Up Poker Dealer Small Blind People
• Heads Up Poker Dealer Small Blind Person
• Heads Up Poker Dealer Small Blind Player

Once heads up is achieved in a home game or pub poker tournament, the most common questions that I hear is, “who goes first?” “who gets dealt the first card?” or “who has the button?” In fact, the most common time that gameplay rule violations occur at the poker table is when I am down to heads up. This is because the rules for heads to head or one on one play in Texas Hold’em can be a bit confusing.

In a dead blind, the small blind or dealer button may be placed at an empty seat to assure the big blind is properly positioned. If a game has come down to a head-to-head, the dealer will also be the small blind. The players in the small blind and big blind positions are permitted the opportunity to raise once their turn has come back into play. The size of the bets are determined by the limits of the game that you’re playing and the small blind is nearly always half of the big blind. So a $2/$4 Limit Hold’em game has a small blind of $1 and a big blind of $2. Blinds are forced bets. The players in these positions must make these bets or they aren’t dealt cards in the hand.

According to heads up poker rules, the dealer posts the small blind and the other player posts the big blind. The first card is dealt to the player in the Big Blind. The dealer acts first pre-flop and the big blind acts first on the flop, turn, and river. The dealer always goes last on the flop, turn, and river.

Why Does the Dealer Post the Small Blind?

If the blinds were reversed and the player on the button posted the big blind, the rules for order of play would be violated. In Texas Hold’em, the Big Blind is required to act last before the flop. Therefore, by default, the player on the button must post the Small Blind in heads-up play.

Additionally, if the dealer was the big blind and decided to fold, he would be folding his big blind to the small blind; another violation of the basic rules. Some might also argue that this “discounted” price of folding is part of the basic advantage of the button.

However, this is just an incidental advantage obtained just by following the rules correctly and was not designed to give preference to one player or the other. To put it another way, the rules came first, before the optimal strategy to play within the bounds of those rules was formulated.

Why Does the Dealer Go First Before the Flop?

The player on the button acts first for the same reason he posts the small blind, to maintain the correct order of play. Some might argue that acting last before the flop offers a type of position advantage and that the button should have that edge in heads-up. However, the button does not have that type of favor when there are 3 or more players at the table, so why should the rules alter when it’s down to heads up? The button never acts last pre-flop, no matter how many players are at the table.

Why Does the Big Blind Go First After the Flop?

The rules of poker state that the button must always act last after the flop. While this might seem like a departure from the rules, since the small blind does act first after the flop in non-heads-up play, it really isn’t. Indeed, it doesn’t matter what position a player sits in, if the button is involved in the hand, they are required to go first.

What If the Button Open Folds Before the Flop?

When the button folds, he relinquishes the small blind to the player in the big blind, the button moves, and the next hand begins. If the button just calls, the player in the big blind has the option to check back or raise. You may have heard the dealer say “option” to the big blind before.

Are Poker Odds Different in Heads-Up?

No. The math of poker remains exactly the same, no matter how many players are involved in the game. The cool thing is that calculating the odds is simplified since there are never any multi-way pots when you are playing one on one.

Are the Heads up Rules the Same for Cash Games and Tournaments?

Yes, the order of play and the rules for posting blinds remains exactly the same, no matter the format. The only real difference you will see, when watching cash versus tournaments, is that the latter often has antes paid in on top of the blinds.

Are These Rules the Same for Pot Limit Omaha?

Yes, the rules of heads-up play remain the same for all flop-style games that have a button and two blinds, including limit hold’em, no-limit hold’em, and Omaha.

Strategic Adjustments For Heads-Up Play

Once you have the rules of how one on one gameplay works, you can focus all of your attention on winning. The key to crushing the competition is in making targeted adjustments based on your opponent’s style of play.

The biggest adjustment that should be made when playing heads up revolves around how often you raise and call and how assertive you should be when it comes to fighting for pots. As a rule, as tables become more short-handed, your overall level of aggression should increase. When play is down to just you and one other people your level of aggressiveness should range anywhere from combative to downright maniacal. What controls your frequencies in this regard is the nature of your opponent.

In order to thrive in and succeed one-on-one, you have to drastically loosen your requirements for getting involved and continuing into later streets. As the old saying goes, it’s very hard to make a pair. Often, high card will be the best hand on the flop in a heads-up battle. Therefore, you definitely do not want to play fit or fold when there is only one other opponent.

Feel Out Your Opponent Early

The early stages of a heads-up match are very similar to boxing. Unless you are really familiar with how your opponent plays, you will need to feel him or her out in the first few hands. For the most part, my general strategy is to raise any two hands from the button but defend a bit on the tight side in the big blind. By using this method, here are a few things you are looking to find out along with the adjustments that you can make as a result:

Pre-Flop Heads-Up Adjustments

1. Your Opponent Is Folding to Steals Often
   Count your blessings if this is the case. Playing against a fit or fold opponent when down to two players is the best case scenario. Keep stealing any two cards until he or she adjusts. You may find that you have the majority of the chips before this happens!
2. Your Opponent Seems to Be Defending Every Time
   If you open your first 5 hands and get called or raised 5 times, it may be time to re-evaluate your strategy. Even so, I would almost never reduce my opening frequency down below 50% in a heads up match.
3. Your Opponent Is Stealing Often
   So your opponent has open-raised the first 8 hands or so in the match. It is time to start playing back at him and the best way to do this is to flat call all of your high card hands, even Q2o, and anything that is suited or has any flopability (is that a word)? For example, something like 74o is an easy flat against someone who opens practically any two cards.
4. Your Opponent Is Folding the Button Often
   If your opponent is open-folding the button more than half the time, it is safe to tighten up your flatting and 3-betting range substantially. The free money you are getting from your opponent’s folds means that you are practically free rolling the big blind. How cool is that? Ramp up the aggression on the button and the match will be over soon (usually in your favor).

Post-Flop Heads-Up Strategy

Your opponent’s pre-flop tendencies will tend to bleed over into their post-flop play. Therefore, if a person is stealing wide pre-flop expect them to bluff a lot and take very weak ranges to later streets.

If a person is folding a lot pre-flop and/or stealing narrowly, you would be well-served to give their bets and raises a lot more respect after the flop. Otherwise, my advice is to play a very stabby small ball style and try to keep most pots small while you feel our your opponent. Building a really aggressive image will pay dividends should you actually pick up a strong hand.

Summary

In live games where the players do the dealing, heads up play is the most common part of a tournament that the gameplay rules of poker are violated. More frequently than you might think, either the incorrect person gets dealt to first or the order of play is reversed.

It makes sense that sometimes people forget the heads-up rules since it can be rather rare to make it to heads-up in a tournament. It’s easy to see how the rules can be forgotten when a player might only achieve heads up once every few months. Even so, once the reasons behind why the dealing and playing order are understood, it all makes perfect sense.

Once you have the rules down, I suggest that you spend a few hours practicing at home with a family member. That way the heads up rules will be followed to the tee next time you find yourself as one of the last two players in your next local event. Besides, you should be focusing on adjusting your strategy and beating your opponent, not on who goes first or whatever. Good luck, now go win that thing!

Introduction

Heads Up Hold 'Em is an Ultimate Texas Hold 'Em variant by Galaxy Gaming, based on Texas Hold 'Em. The player may raise his bet one time, and has three opportunities to do so. The earlier he raises, the more he can bet. The main differences between Heads Up Hold 'Em and Ultimate Texas Hold 'Em are in the former the player may raise only 3x his Ante bet before the flop, but the game includes bad beat bonuses for losing with a straight or higher.

Rules

Following are the rules for Heads Up Hold 'Em. For those used to the terminology in Ultimate Texas Hold 'Em, what is called the Blind there called the Odds bet here.

1. The game is played with a single ordinary 52-card deck.
2. The player must make an equal bet on both the Ante and Odds.
3. Two cards are dealt face down to the player and dealer. The player may look at his own cards.
4. The player can check or make a Play bet equal to three times the Ante.
5. The dealer turns over three community cards.
6. If the player previously checked, then he may make a Play bet equal to two times his Ante or check again. If the player already made a Play bet, then he may not bet further.
7. Two final community cards are turned over.
8. If the player previously checked twice, then he must either make a Play bet equal to exactly his Ante, or fold, losing both his Ante and Odds bets. If the player already raised he may not bet further.
9. The player and dealer will both make the best possible hand using any combination of their own two cards and the five community cards.
10. The dealer will need at least a pair to open.
11. The following table shows how the Ante, Odds, and Play bets are scored, according to who wins, and whether the dealer opens.
    

    Scoring Rules

    Winner	Dealer Opens	Ante	Play	Odds
    Player	Yes	Win	Win	See rule 12
    Player	No	Push	Win	See rule 12
    Dealer	Yes	Lose	Lose	See rule 12
    Dealer	No	Push	Lose	Lose
    Tie	Yes or No	Push	Push	Push

12. Winning Ante and Play bets pay 1 to 1. Winning Odds bets pay according to value of the hand and whether it wins or loses. The following pay table shows what winning Odds bets pay.
    

    Winning Odds Bet Pay Table

    Hand	Pays
    Royal Flush	500
    Straight Flush	50
    Quads	10
    Full House	3
    Flush	1.5
    Straight	1
    All Other	Push

    Galaxy Gaming, the game owner, has four different pay tables for losing blind bets, as follows.

    Losing Odds Bet Pay Table

    Hand	Pay Table
    	1	2	3	4
    Straight Flush	500	500	500	500
    Quads	50	50	50	25
    Full House	10	10	10	6
    Flush	8	6	5	5
    Straight	5	5	4	4
    All Other	Loss	Loss	Loss	Loss

13. In addition, there are two side bets, that pay based on the player's cards only, the Trips Plus and Pocket Bonus. These side bets are explained after the analysis of the base game.

Heads Up Poker Dealer Small Blind Dog

Strategy

The player should make the 3X raise with any pair except deuces. Otherwise, use the following table shows when to make the large 3X raise.

The strategy for the medium and small raise are the same as in Ultimate Texas Hold 'Em, as follows:

Medium Raise: Make the 2X raise with any of the following:

• Two pair or better.
• Hidden pair*, except pocket deuces.
• Four to a flush including a hidden 10 or better to that flush

* Hidden pair = Any pair with at least one card in your hole cards (thus the pair is hidden to the dealer).

Small Raise: Make the 1X raise with any of the following, otherwise fold:

• Hidden pair or better.
• Less than 21 dealer outs beat you.

For a more powerful small and medium raise strategy, I recommend the James Grossjean strategy card for Ultimate Texas Hold 'Em.

Analysis

The following table shows all possible outcomes of each hand, what it pays, the probability, and contribution to the return under the losing Odds bet pay table number 1 (the one that goes 500-50-10-8-5). The lower right cell shows a house edge of 2.36%.

Return TableExpand

Player	Raise	Dealer Qualifies	Winner	Pays	Combinations	Probability	Return
Fold				-2	5,498,078,560,920	0.197674	-0.395349
Less than pair	1	No	Dealer	-2	60,518,663,424	0.002176	-0.004352
Straight flush	1	Yes	Dealer	498	20,279,100	0.000001	0.000363
Four of a kind	1	Yes	Dealer	48	1,726,735,980	0.000062	0.002980
Full house	1	Yes	Dealer	8	10,082,720,220	0.000363	0.002900
Flush	1	Yes	Dealer	6	49,072,032,216	0.001764	0.010586
Straight	1	Yes	Dealer	3	47,952,010,720	0.001724	0.005172
Less than straight	1	Yes	Dealer	-3	3,006,630,550,164	0.108098	-0.324295
Anything	1	Y/N	Push	0	455,081,939,824	0.016362	0.000000
Royal flush	1	No	Player	501	6,914,880	0.000000	0.000125
Straight flush	1	No	Player	51	279,004,320	0.000010	0.000512
Four of a kind	1	No	Player	11	-	0.000000	0.000000
Full house	1	No	Player	4	-	0.000000	0.000000
Flush	1	No	Player	2.5	43,096,215,600	0.001549	0.003874
Straight	1	No	Player	2	145,034,240,580	0.005214	0.010429
Less than straight	1	No	Player	1	816,981,676,824	0.029373	0.029373
Royal flush	1	Yes	Player	502	46,580,760	0.000002	0.000841
Straight flush	1	Yes	Player	52	2,023,968,588	0.000073	0.003784
Four of a kind	1	Yes	Player	12	964,337,328	0.000035	0.000416
Full house	1	Yes	Player	5	46,108,374,192	0.001658	0.008289
Flush	1	Yes	Player	3.5	202,016,746,236	0.007263	0.025421
Straight	1	Yes	Player	3	421,268,280,080	0.015146	0.045438
Less than straight	1	Yes	Player	2	1,600,861,520,204	0.057556	0.115113
Less than pair	2	No	Dealer	-3	11,023,268,784	0.000396	-0.001189
Straight flush	2	Yes	Dealer	497	16,724,460	0.000001	0.000299
Four of a kind	2	Yes	Dealer	47	311,575,460	0.000011	0.000527
Full house	2	Yes	Dealer	7	18,705,932,580	0.000673	0.004708
Flush	2	Yes	Dealer	5	27,615,003,664	0.000993	0.004964
Straight	2	Yes	Dealer	2	21,031,977,440	0.000756	0.001512
Less than straight	2	Yes	Dealer	-4	1,979,644,169,384	0.071175	-0.284699
Anything	2	Y/N	Push	0	214,144,135,720	0.007699	0.000000
Royal flush	2	No	Player	502	11,938,680	0.000000	0.000215
Straight flush	2	No	Player	52	397,598,400	0.000014	0.000743
Four of a kind	2	No	Player	12	-	0.000000	0.000000
Full house	2	No	Player	5	-	0.000000	0.000000
Flush	2	No	Player	3.5	45,718,738,920	0.001644	0.005753
Straight	2	No	Player	3	53,068,201,380	0.001908	0.005724
Less than straight	2	No	Player	2	1,207,385,216,712	0.043410	0.086819
Royal flush	2	Yes	Player	503	147,692,880	0.000005	0.002671
Straight flush	2	Yes	Player	53	3,016,851,612	0.000108	0.005749
Four of a kind	2	Yes	Player	13	20,440,911,312	0.000735	0.009554
Full house	2	Yes	Player	6	320,575,227,408	0.011526	0.069155
Flush	2	Yes	Player	4.5	183,447,763,404	0.006596	0.029680
Straight	2	Yes	Player	4	158,035,798,360	0.005682	0.022728
Less than straight	2	Yes	Dealer	3	2,415,318,761,280	0.086839	0.260516
Less than pair	3	No	Dealer	-4	66,873,993,600	0.002404	-0.009617
Straight flush	3	Yes	Dealer	496	14,499,400	0.000001	0.000259
Four of a kind	3	Yes	Dealer	46	316,891,120	0.000011	0.000524
Full house	3	Yes	Dealer	6	13,387,474,080	0.000481	0.002888
Flush	3	Yes	Dealer	4	20,484,007,080	0.000736	0.002946
Straight	3	Yes	Dealer	1	22,371,396,720	0.000804	0.000804
Less than straight	3	Yes	Dealer	-5	3,136,124,565,400	0.112754	-0.563771
Anything	3	Y/N	Push	0	223,641,379,520	0.008041	0.000000
Royal flush	3	No	Player	503	86,472,360	0.000003	0.001564
Straight flush	3	No	Player	53	180,911,880	0.000007	0.000345
Four of a kind	3	No	Player	13	-	0.000000	0.000000
Full house	3	No	Player	6	-	0.000000	0.000000
Flush	3	No	Player	4.5	41,791,833,360	0.001503	0.006762
Straight	3	No	Player	4	64,386,219,840	0.002315	0.009260
Less than straight	3	No	Player	3	1,317,173,128,560	0.047357	0.142070
Royal flush	3	Yes	Player	504	556,552,440	0.000020	0.010085
Straight flush	3	Yes	Player	54	1,444,036,640	0.000052	0.002804
Four of a kind	3	Yes	Player	14	21,003,399,360	0.000755	0.010572
Full house	3	Yes	Player	7	261,421,403,040	0.009399	0.065793
Flush	3	Yes	Player	5.5	199,160,655,360	0.007160	0.039383
Straight	3	Yes	Player	5	195,058,020,480	0.007013	0.035065
Less than straight	3	Yes	Player	4	3,140,424,343,760	0.112909	0.451635
Total					27,813,810,024,000	1.000000	-0.023584

Heads Up Poker Dealer Small Blind People

As shown in the lower right cell, the house edge is 2.36%. This is the expected loss to the Ante wager only. For example, if the player bets $5 on both the Ante and Odds, then his expected loss would be $5 × 0.023584 = 11.79¢.

The average final wager per hand is 3.67 units. That makes the element of risk 2.36%/3.67 = 0.64%. This means for every dollar you wager in the game, on anything, other than the side bets, you can expect to lose 0.64¢.

By comparison, the element of risk in Ultimate Texas Hold 'Em is 0.53%.

The standard deviation, relative to to the Ante bet, is 4.56.

The next table shows the house edge and element of risk under all four losing Odds bet pay tables according to the pay table for a losing Odds bet.

House Edge Summary

Hand	Losing Odds Bet Pay Table
	1	2	3	4
Straight Flush	500	500	500	500
Quads	50	50	50	25
Full House	10	10	10	6
Flush	8	6	5	5
Straight	5	5	4	4
All Other	Loss	Loss	Loss	Loss
House edge	2.36%	3.06%	3.73%	4.55%
Element of Risk	0.64%	0.83%	1.02%	1.24%

This is full table cloth.

Trips Plus

The Trips Plus bet will pay according to the poker value of the player's hand regardless of the value of the dealer's hand. Following is an analysis of the most common pay table.

Trips Plus Return Table

Hand	Pays	Combinations	Probability	Return
Royal flush	100	4,324	0.000032	0.003232
Straight flush	40	37,260	0.000279	0.011140
Four of a kind	30	224,848	0.001681	0.050420
Full house	8	3,473,184	0.025961	0.207688
Flush	7	4,047,644	0.030255	0.211785
Straight	4	6,180,020	0.046194	0.184775
Three of a kind	3	6,461,620	0.048299	0.144896
All other	-1	113,355,660	0.847300	-0.847300
Total	133,784,560	1.000000	-0.033363

The next table shows four known pay tables for the Trips Plus.

Trips Plus Pay Tables

Hand	Pay Table
	1	2	3	4
Royal flush	100	100	100	100
Straight flush	40	40	40	40
Four of a kind	30	30	30	30
Full house	9	8	8	7
Flush	7	6	7	6
Straight	4	5	4	5
Three of a kind	3	3	3	3
All other	-1	-1	-1	-1
Total	-0.74%	-1.74%	-3.34%	-4.34%

Pocket Bonus

The Pocket Bonus bet will pay according to the value of the player's two hole cards. The follow tables show what each two cards pays, the probability, and contribution to the total return for each known pay table for the Pocket Bonus.

Pocket Bonus — Pay Table 1

Hand	Pays	Combinations	Probability	Return
Pair of aces	30	6	0.004525	0.135747
Ace & face suited	20	12	0.009050	0.180995
Ace & face unsuited	10	36	0.027149	0.271493
Pair 2s - Ks	5	72	0.054299	0.271493
Loser	-1	1,200	0.904977	-0.904977
Total	1,326	1.000000	-0.045249

Pocket Bonus — Pay Table 2

Hand	Pays	Combinations	Probability	Return
Pair of aces	25	6	0.004525	0.113122
Ace & face suited	20	12	0.009050	0.180995
Ace & face unsuited	10	36	0.027149	0.271493
Pair 2s - Ks	5	72	0.054299	0.271493
Loser	-1	1,200	0.904977	-0.904977
Total	1,326	1.000000	-0.067873

Pocket Bonus — Pay Table 3

Hand	Pays	Combinations	Probability	Return
Pair of aces	30	6	0.004525	0.135747
Ace & face suited	20	12	0.009050	0.180995
Ace & face unsuited	10	36	0.027149	0.271493
Pair 2s - Ks	4	72	0.054299	0.217195
Loser	-1	1,200	0.904977	-0.904977
Total	1,326	1.000000	-0.099548

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Charles Mousseau and Stephen How for their assistance, which confirmed my analysis. Thanks to Charles also for his advice on the medium and small raise strategy.

Internal Links

Detailed calculations on some starting hands.

Extneral Links

Heads Up Poker Dealer Small Blind Person

Play Heads Up Hold 'Em at the Galaxy Gaming web site. One click and you're playing.

Heads Up Poker Dealer Small Blind Player

Written by:Michael Shackleford